Research career stage models

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Laudel & Gläser EC ESF LERU
Career Focus Academic research Open Academic
Description of career stages *Apprentice
  • Colleague
  • Master
  • Elite
*R1 First Stage Researcher
  • R2 Recognised Researcher
  • R3 Established Researcher
  • R4 Leading Researcher
*Doctoral training
  • Post-doctoral training
  • Independent researcher
  • Established researcher
*Doctoral candidate
  • Postdoctoral scientist
  • University scientists
  • Professor