Opportunity Structures
Main
Opportunity structures describe the relationship with demand and supply in the labor market independently of the assessment through the individual. There are numerous exemplary hypothesis for the effect of opportunity structures on careers and productivity in science. For example, economic circumstances and social change impact on the demand for research and knowledge, national security challenges, economic competition, public health needs, environmental deterioration bring new opportunities for careers (Sent, 1999[1]). Levels of competition and inequality affect the overall appeal of careers in science by altering entry rate and exit rate (Petersen & Penner, 2014[2]). Historical waves of hiring and non-hiring impact following cohorts, changes in the patterns or volumes of hiring impact performance (Lissoni et al., 2011[3]). Another example are cohort effects: changing labor market conditions at the time of enrolment and ending of the PhD may affect preferences (Sauermann & Roach, 2012[4]).
Sources
- ↑ Sent, E.-M. (1999). Economics of Science: Survey and Suggestions. Journal of Economic Methodology 6(1), 95–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501789900000005
- ↑ Petersen, A. M. & Penner, O. (2014). Inequality and Cumulative Advantage in Science Careers: A Case Study of High-Impact Journals. EPJ Data Science 3 (24). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-014-0024-y
- ↑ Lissoni, F., Mairesse, J., Montobbioy, F. & Pezzoni, M. (2011). Scientific Productivity and Academic Promotion: A Study on French and Italian Physicists. Industrial and Corporate Change 20(1), 253–294. https://doi.org/10.3386/w16341
- ↑ Sauermann, H. & Roach, M. (2012). Science PhD Career Preferences: Levels, Changes, and Advisor Encouragement. PloS ONE 7(5), e36307. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036307
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Institutional and Market Conditions
