National Research System

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Research careers take place in the context of one or more national socio-economic, science and research systems. Research systems are a matrix of different activities organized in occupations. A variety of different types of careers are required to fit together in an evolving division of labor. Not all research careers can, or should, be identically motivated. Neither should outcomes be expected to be uniform or uniformly measurable.

Studies

The following studies are cross-national, thus might encompass variation in research systems

Lists

Institutional and Market Conditions